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# Access Control
While [authorization](../Standards/ISO27x/Authorization.md) is primarily concerned with establishing the policies and rules that dictate access (i.e. *what* a person or system is allowed to do), **access control** is the _system_ or _process_ that enforces those defined permissions.
While [authorization](../Standards/ISO27x/about/Authorization.md) is primarily concerned with establishing the policies and rules that dictate access (i.e. *what* a person or system is allowed to do), **access control** is the _system_ or _process_ that enforces those defined permissions.
See:
- [Gedachten over rechtenstructuren](../Information%20Security/Gedachten%20over%20rechtenstructuren.md)

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# Authorization vs. Access Control
[Authorization](../Standards/ISO27x/Authorization.md) defines _what_ a user (or system) is allowed to do, [access control ](Access%20Control.md) is the _system_ or _process_ that enforces those defined permissions.
[Authorization](../Standards/ISO27x/about/Authorization.md) defines _what_ a user (or system) is allowed to do, [access control ](Access%20Control.md) is the _system_ or _process_ that enforces those defined permissions.
## Authorization
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- **What it is:** Access control is the **mechanism or system that enforces the authorization policies**. It's the technical implementation that actually grants or denies access to a resource based on the authorized permissions.
- **The "How":** It answers the question, "How is the 'what' actually applied and managed?"
- **Enforcement:** Access control is the act of putting those policies into practice. It involves:
- Checking a user's identity ([Authentication](../Standards/ISO27x/Authentication.md)).
- Consulting the pre-defined [Authorization](../Standards/ISO27x/Authorization.md)authorization rules.
- Checking a user's identity ([Authentication](../Standards/ISO27x/about/Authentication.md)).
- Consulting the pre-defined [Authorization](../Standards/ISO27x/about/Authorization.md)authorization rules.
- Granting or denying access to specific resources (files, applications, data, network segments, physical locations, etc.) or actions (read, write, delete, execute).
- **Examples:**
- An Access Control List (ACL) on a file system that specifies which users or groups can read, write, or execute a particular file.

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A straightforward governance structure for your Information Security Management System based on ISO 27001 and ISO 27002.
*Based on [Governance model for Policies and Controls](../Standards/ISO27x/Governance%20model%20for%20Policies%20and%20Controls.md), which contains the references to the Standard.*
*Based on [Governance model for Policies and Controls](../Standards/ISO27x/about/Governance%20model%20for%20Policies%20and%20Controls.md), which contains the references to the Standard.*
## Policy Lifecycle: Who Does What
### Key Players

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The outcomes help to prioritize business activities and resources to enable the resumption of product and service delivery after a (major) disruption[^1].
Guidelines and tooling:
- [Guidelines for business impact analysis ISO 22317](../Standards/ISO27x/ISO%2022317%20Guidelines%20for%20business%20impact%20analysis.md)
- [Guidelines for business impact analysis ISO 22317](../Standards/ISO27x/about/ISO%2022317%20Guidelines%20for%20business%20impact%20analysis.md)
- [Assessing reputational risks](../Various/Assessing%20reputational%20risks.md)
- [BIA Workshop](../Standards/ISO27x/Implementation%20Products/BIA%20Workshop.md)
- [TLP impact matrix](Data%20classification/Traffic%20Light%20Protocol%20TLP.md)

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Related:
- [ISO 27001 A 8.2 Information classification](../../Standards/ISO27x/legacy/ISO%2027001%202013/ISO%2027001%20A%208.2%20Information%20classification.md)
- [Privacy in ISO 27001](../../Standards/ISO27x/Privacy%20in%20ISO%2027001.md)
- [Privacy in ISO 27001](../../Standards/ISO27x/about/Privacy%20in%20ISO%2027001.md)
Sweeney et all have developed a privacy oriented data classification system with six levels:

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![](../Various/Privacy/PRAGMATIC_security_metrics_examples.xlsx)
Standards and Frameworks:
- [ISO 27004](../Standards/ISO27x/ISO%2027004.md)
- [ISO 27004](../Standards/ISO27x/about/ISO%2027004.md)

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See also under [Threat](../📚️%20Literature%20notes/Threat.md)
[Open Group Risk Analysis Standard (O-RA)](https://pubs.opengroup.org/security/o-ra/)
[Open Group FAIR \ ISO 27005 Cookbook for Risk Assessment](../Standards/ISO27x/FAIR%20ISO%2027005%20Cookbook.pdf)
[Open Group FAIR \ ISO 27005 Cookbook for Risk Assessment](../Standards/ISO27x/about/FAIR%20ISO%2027005%20Cookbook.pdf)
[SURF Toolkit risicobeoordeling](../Standards/SURF%20Toolkit%20risicobeoordeling.md)
[SURF Toolkit risicobeoordeling](../Standards/SURF/SURF%20Toolkit%20risicobeoordeling.md)
[](../Information%20Security/Risks/Risk_Assessment_Process.gif)

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## Related
- [ISO 27001_OT C 4 Context of the organization](../Standards/ISO27x/legacy/ISO%2027001%202013/ISO%2027001_OT%20C%204%20Context%20of%20the%20organization.md#4%202%20Understanding%20the%20needs%20and%20expectations%20of%20interested%20parties)
- [ISO31000-5.4.1-Understanding-the-organization-and-its-context](../Standards/ISO27x/ISO31000-5.4.1-Understanding-the-organization-and-its-context.md)
- [ISO31000-5.4.1-Understanding-the-organization-and-its-context](../Standards/ISO27x/about/ISO31000-5.4.1-Understanding-the-organization-and-its-context.md)